Wednesday, October 29, 2008

The search for the Buru and the Sacred Brass Plates


M
arc Miller is a psychologist with a practice in Lancaster, and he has practiced neuropsychology for many years. He is a cryptozoologist, one who studies legendary animals, and has explored the world. This is his 30th year of expeditions, and he is sharing his latest adventure with local residents in a five-part series starting today.

Miller is married to Fran, a local real estate agent. His third book “Adventures in Cryptozoology” is due out this fall.

While I was sitting on the dock of my pond, reading Loren Coleman’s book, “Cryptozoology A to Z,” I came across a description of a prehistoric type of reptile in North India called the Buru.

Coleman is probably the most well-known current cryptozoologist. He has made many field expeditions, done extensive research and written several books.

The Buru is a large, unknown lizard thought by some to have lived in the remote valleys of the Himalayas of Assam in the northeast corner of India. Coleman further mentioned that the reptile was approximately 15 to 20 feet in length, aquatic by nature, and emitted hoarse bellowing calls. He mentioned that the journalist, Ralph Izzard, among others, had led an expedition in 1948 in search of the Buru.

Izzard’s journal was later published as “The Hunt for the Buru” in 1951. Coleman also stated that they had failed to uncover any solid evidence of the creature. However, there was enough testimony from earlier encounters to persuade the father of cryptozoology, Bernard Heuvelman, that these lizards might be only recently extinct.

After reading about the Buru, I was excited to learn more, so I Googled the term. Wikipedia identified the Buru as an aquatic reptile living in the Ziro Valley of Arunachal Peradesh in Northeastern India. Professor Christopher Von Furer-Haimendorf was the first Westerner to be told about this reptile. It was thought at the time that Buru might have already gone extinct in the valley.

According to the Apatani elders, when their forefathers migrated from Tibet to the Ziro Valley, the valley was primarily a marsh that was populated by many Burus. The Apatani people decided to settle in the valley because of its fertility and good climate. However, on occasion, confrontations with the Burus presented a problem. As a result, the Apatani Indian tribe drained the marsh of its water and apparently might have eliminated the Burus. Most of the Burus died because of the drainage and many supposedly went underground into the springs.

The last Buru was reported by a young woman who sighted it in a spring one night while she was drawing water. It startled her and she told her father of the incident. The next day the whole village helped fill the spring with stones and clay.

There has been speculation that the Buru was an unidentified member of the crocodilia. However, the description of the Buru is more like a monitor lizard, with its characteristics, such as elongated neck and a forked tongue. The native name for the Komodo dragon is Land Crocodile.
Cryptozoologists, Bernard Heuvelman and Roy Mackal, regard the Buru to be a large Komodo dragon-like monitor lizard. There are fossils of such creatures to be found in the Indian subcontinent. This reptile was supposedly living in the dense forests and swamps of the Himalayas. Swamps certainly do not come to mind when thinking of this mountain range.

The Himalayas, overall, are tall, long and wide, forming a broad, continuous arc of nearly 16,000 miles along the northern fringes of the Indian subcontinent. They are divided into three parallel zones that differ greatly in topography.

First are the Great Himalayas, then the Middle Himalayas, and finally the Sub Himalayas. The Greater Himalayas consist of huge lines of snowy peaks, while the Middle Himalayas are primarily high ranges composed of pine trees.

The Sub Himalayas consist of foothills and long flat-bottomed valleys, known as duns. The home of the Burus was one of the valleys. The Apatani Valley is located in one of the world’s most isolated and seldom visited areas. In this swampy, spongy, isolated valley, rimmed by towering Himalayas, in the farthest reaches of Northeast India, these creatures lived and tales about them have been told by the Apatani and Dafla tribes living in the region. The tribes have handed down these tales in travel lore for generations.

Finally, in the 20th century, these tales came to the first Westerners. The name of the creature was called the Buru. It was said to be approximately 15 to 20 feet in length, with smooth skin and three rows of short blunt spines running down its sides and back. It has stumpy short legs about a foot and a half in length. The feet, which are heavily clawed, resemble the forefeet of a burrowing mole. It also has a lengthy powerful tail. The areas where this reptile was located are in remote northeast India, bordered by the nations of Bhutan, Tibet and Burma. This is a subtropical climate with extremely heavy rainfall. Much of the terrain is covered with dense, tropical forests of bamboo.

Professor Hainendorf, an anthropologist, who wrote about the Apatani tribesman and their isolated location in 1947, noted despite the altitude, their valley was swampy and thick-forested. The bottom of the valley, according to local tradition, was once a marshy swamp, inhabited by a lizard-like monster.

The first venturer into this remote part of the world to seek the Buru was a British zoologist named Charles Stonor. He made the first detailed report of the Apatani Valley in 1948, and it is still considered to be the best source of information about the area. Stonor wrote detailed accounts of the Apatani people - their land, their legends and the Buru. He interviewed approximately 30 tribesmen who described in very close detail the peculiar reptile. They also related a few stories at that time of human attacks. One included a hunter who, after threatening the Buru’s young, had been drowned when the mother stung him with its powerful tail.

After obtaining Izzard’s journal, I attempted to follow his exact expedition along with Stonor, starting in Assam and going up into Arunachal-Pradesh, India, which was once part of the large area of Assam. When Izzard initiated his expedition, all northeast area was considered to be Assam.

Izzard had many cryptozoological friends from his early school days. He was a lifelong friend of Ivan Sanderson, who was a very famous cryptozoologist. Sanderson had led expeditions in some of the most remote parts of the jungles in the world and had many interesting tales of a wide variety of animals. He was also a childhood friend of Gerald Russell, who was an explorer and crypto zoologist in the 1930s to the 1950s. They were both in Africa and came across a large creature later known as Mokele-Mbembe, which was considered a long necked dinosaur.

Izzard hoped that he would be able to return from his expedition with actual evidence or capture of the Buru. Other sightings of similar reptiles as the Buru have been seen in Bhutan, where the king had claimed to have actually seen something like a Buru many years ago. Heuvelmans noted during the 1980s the current sightings described animals similar to the Buru in another region of India. Loren Coleman, probably one of the most famous living cryptozoologists, thought the Buru might still be living near the same valleys that Izzard searched more than a half century ago.

Izzard mentions in his journal that, in 1948, news came of an extinct reptile that had been moving along the Himalayan border. After reading the accounts of Izzard’s journal, I was interested in finding information about the Sacred Brass Plates in the Apatani village. His expedition members were never permitted to view the plates.

Assam and Manipur declared Joint Winner of 2nd Sahara NE Hockey Championship



Joint Champion of the SAHARA 2nd NE Challenge Cup Hockey Tournament Manipur (Yellow) at Bhetapara Hockey Stadium, Guwahati organized by Assam Hockey Academy & NEHA on 25-10-08


Capatain of Manipur(Yellow) and Assam(Blue) receiving the Champions Trophy from J B Roy Deputy Managing Director; Sahara India Pariwar and President of Bengal Hockey Association (with Arnoi in middle) as Assam vs Manipur match drawn at 2-2 each and were declared Joint winner of the SAHARA 2nd NE Challenge Cup Hockey Championship by the organizing committee at Bhetapara Hockey Stadium in Guwahati on 25-10-08.


Joint Champion of the SAHARA 2nd NE Challenge Cup Hockey Tournament Assam (BLUE) at Bhetapara Hockey Stadium, Guwahati organized by Assam Hockey Academy & NEHA on 25-10-08.Joint Champion of the SAHARA 2nd NE Challenge Cup Hockey Tournament Assam (BLUE) at Bhetapara Hockey Stadium, Guwahati organized by Assam Hockey Academy & NEHA on 25-10-08.

B
oth Assam and Manipur were declared joint winners in the 2nd Sahara North East Challenge Cup Hockey Championship. In the final meet of the championship at the Maulana Md Tayebulla Hockey Stadium, Bhetapara in Guwahati, Assam and Manipur match was a tie for 2-2 each on 25th Oct 2008. As the light was not sufficient for extra time and penalty shootout the organizers, Assam Hockey Association and North East Hockey Association(NEHA) decided to hand over the Champions’ Trophy to both the teams.

Manipur striker M Chingkheinganba scored at the 7th minute converting a penalty But their jubilation was short lived as Lalthazuala of Assam scored the equalizer with a beautiful reverse flick in the 11th minute. Amarjit Singh put Assam 2-1 ahead with another field goal in the 14th minute and maintained the lead till the break. Manipuri captain P Adeba scored the tie goal at the last minute as the hooter was about to blow. The Assam players, in particular, adopted rough tactics in the later part of the match. Even some of the officials of the organizing committee had to rush to the ground to control the situation.

M Rinash, the junior India goalkeeper from Manipur was adjudged best player while Lalthazuala of Assam received the man-on-the-final award. Another Assam player RK Anandjit was named man-of-the tournament.State Tourism Minister Rockybul Hussain, Deputy Manager of Sahara India Parivar J B Roy, Sports Commissioner VS Bhaskar, DGP G M Srivastava, Agriculture Commissioner B Kalyan Chakravarty were present as guests along with a host of sportspersons on the occasion. They also gave away the trophies to the teams and individuals.

All the participating teams were given Rs 21,000 while both the finalists got additional 25,000 each.